Scriptores ordinis
predicatorum de provincia Dacie online
Annales Ordinis Predicatorum
de Provincia Dacie
Dominican annals from the medieval province of Dacia
Presented by
J.G.G. Jakobsen, Centre for Dominican Studies of Dacia,
2010-12.
Last update: 2015.03.20
When Fr. Humbert of Romans,
master general of the Order of Preachers, endorsed his fellow friars at the
general chapters in 1255 and 1256 to register all noteworthy events in the history
of their order, his call was first and most famously complied with by Fr.
Gerardus de Fracheto, who wrote the Vitae fratrum around 1260-62, to be
followed by two Dominican chronicles, Chronica prior and Chronica
posterior, perhaps written by Fr. Gerardus as well around 1263-66. This
was, however, not the first attempt to preserve Dominican history for
posterity, as one of Humbert’s predecessors as master general, Fr. Jordan of
Saxony, wrote his Libellus de principiis ordinis sometime in 1231-34. As
it was common in their days, the authors presented their information in a
strict chronological way, not unlike the old monastic tradition of yearbooks or
annals, with very short historical references attached to a chronological list
of years.
The request of Fr. Humbert was apparently also heard far
away in the Order’s remote province of Dacia, where Dominican history writing
in the literary shape of annals flourished in the second half of the thirteenth
century. But just as for the Order in general, Humbert’s call did not introduce
the tradition to the province, it merely advanced an already existing school
taking place at some of the leading convents. The first Dacian-Dominican
annals, Annales Dano-Suecani, seem to have been started at the
convent in Roskilde, Denmark, as early as in the 1230s, and thus practically
right from the first days of the convent itself. By the middle of the century,
the preserved version of these annals was brought to Sweden and continued there
until 1263. In the following decades, several other Dominican convents began to
compile and keep annals of events considered important to the friars. Not only
events with direct relation the Order of Preachers, but just as much of things
going on outside the priories. Thus, it seems as if Scandinavian Friars
Preachers did not only keep track of history for themselves, but that the
annals were meant for a larger audience. Whereas an annalistic tradition
already was present in Denmark by the arrival of the Order, a tradition, which
the friars helped promote and develop throughout the thirteenth century, they
were true pioneers within this literary genre in Sweden, where history writing
was indeed introduced by the Dominican Order.
At least two such set of annals are extant from the Order
of Preachers in Dacia, that is the Annales
Dano-Suecani and the Annales Skeningenses. For another two
yearbooks, Annales 980-1286 and Annales 266-1430, it is disputed
whether they were indeed compiled by Friars Preachers in their preserved version,
but if not, then the compilers must have had access to at least two additional
Dominican yearbooks - probably one Danish and one or two Swedish - now only
preserved through their transcripts. This is indeed the case for a fifth set of
Dominican annals, preserved for posterity by a sixteenth-century Franciscan
chronicler of Roskilde, Fr. Petrus Olavi OFM, who in his annals reveals a
surprisingly comprehensive and detailed knowledge on the history of the
Dominican convents in the region, which must have been offered to him by a
written tradition kept by his mendicant colleagues. Finally, a few isolated
Dominican references, not preserved anywhere else, can be found in a handful of
other non-Dominican annals from Scandinavia, although hardly enough to suggest
any additional, now lost yearbooks of the Friars Preachers in Dacia.
In addition to the actual
yearbooks or annals kept by Friars Preachers in Dacia, Dominican history
writing in the province also produced the chronicle Historia ordinis predicatorum in Dacia,
probably written in the convent of Tallinn, Estonia, in the middle of the
thirteenth century; and to some extent even the list of Priores provinciales in provincia Dacia
by Fr. Bernard Gui from around 1310, since although not related to the province
himself, Bernard must have based his list on some Dacian-Dominican source.
Index:
· Annales Dano-Suecani 916-1263
· Annales Skeningenses
1208-1288
Annales Dano-Suecani (916-1263) (a.k.a. Chronologia vetus or The Dominican Yearbook)
Annales Dano-Suecani is a Dominican
yearbook from the thirteenth century. The extant version is written by two
different chroniclers, A and B, of which A covers the period 1130-1254, to
which B has brought some additions and a continuation for the period 1255-1263.
The entries by chronicler A clearly focus on events in the eastern part of
Denmark, which in a Dominican perspective for this period points to the
convents in either Lund or Roskilde (Jørgensen 1920, 21), and probably
especially to Roskilde (Gallén 1940, 35-36). The entries up until c.
1230 are to a large part based on the Annales Lundenses, a yearbook
compiled by the canons secular at the cathedral chapter in Lund. But from 1230
onwards, the Dominican yearbook takes its own way, to some extent with
relations to the Cistercian Annales Ryenses, which would indicate that
the Annales Dano-Suecani was begun at this time – which is also the time
when the convent of Friars Preachers in Roskilde was established. The yearbook
may have been continued in Roskilde (or Lund) after 1254, but the preserved
version at this point was transferred to an unidentified convent of the Order
in Sweden – most probably not Sigtuna (Jørgensen 1920, 21), rather Skänninge
(Paulsson 1974, 31) - where it was supplemented and continued by chronicler B
in the years 1255-1263, now with a clear focus on events taking place in
Sweden. Chronicler B has added three entries on top of the first page before
the beginning of the original annals and inserted his additional entries for
the period 1130-1254 where A had left any room. It was obviously intended to
continue the annals far beyond 1263, since B has listed all the years from 1255
to 1315 (Jørgensen 1920, 20). The extant manuscript is preserved as an addition
on the two first pages of a sermon collection (a Sermones de sanctis)
kept at the University Library of Uppsala (Codex Upsalensis C 70). It has been
published by J. Langebek in Scriptores Rerum Danicarum vol. II, 166-168,
Copenhagen 1773; by E.M. Fant in Scriptores Rerum Suecicarum medii ævi vol.
I no. 47, Uppsala 1818; by E. Jørgensen in Annales Danici medii ævi,
130-131, Copenhagen 1920; by G. Paulsson in Annales Suecici medii aevi,
252-257, Lund 1974; and by E. Kroman in Danmarks middelalderlige annaler
no. 2, 12-15, Copenhagen 1980.
The passages
concerning the Order of Preachers itself are presented in black, the rest in
grey tone.
The colour of the
pen-holding hand after each entry indicates if it is made by chronicler A (red) or B (blue).
For comments on
Dominican passages, use the links in the right column to the footnotes or the
Diplomatarium OP Dacie online.
|
916 |
Dani ad fidem conversi per poponem diaconum, qui ferrum
candens portavit illesus, quo viso Haraldus rex credidit, et popo factus est
episcopus. |
? |
|
1164 |
Consecratus est
Stephanus archiepiscopus anno Karuli regis V et Alexandri tercii anno V. |
? |
|
1113 |
Beatus Bernardus religionem
ingreditur XV anno a constitutione domus cisterciensis sub Eugenio papa anno
ipsius V. |
? |
|
|
Anno ab incarnatione
Domini 1130. Sanctus Kanutus martyr Rinstadis. |
? |
|
1131 |
Bellum Jaling. |
? |
|
1132 |
Bellum Fotewig Scanie. |
? |
|
1134 |
Roskildis devastata. |
? |
|
1135 |
Nicholaus rex et IV. |
? |
|
1136 |
Haraldus interfectus. |
? |
|
1137 |
Tenebre in quadragesima
per universam terram. Obiit Ascerus primus archiepiscopus. |
? |
|
1138 |
Ericus Emuni
interfectus. |
? |
|
1140 |
Ericus Lamb factus est
rex. |
? |
|
1143 |
Olavus H. fili
interfectus. |
? |
|
1147 |
Bellum Slangathorp. |
? |
|
1148 |
Obiit Ericus Lamb. |
? |
|
1150 |
Bellum Thorstenthorp. |
? |
|
1151 |
Bellum Wibergis. |
? |
|
1153 |
Sanctus Bernardus
moritur. |
? |
|
1156 |
Kanutus rex moritur
Roskildis. Occiditur Sweno rex. |
? |
|
1158 |
Absalon factus
episcopus Roskildensis. |
? |
|
1160 |
Passus beatus Ericus XV
kal. junii Adriani pape tercii anno V. |
? |
|
1168 |
Habitum concilium Linchobie
a Nicholao Albanensi, qui fuit post papa Adrianus. |
? |
|
1171 |
Translacio
sancti Kanuti Rinstadis (VII kal. julii). Kanutus rex coronatur.
Wibergis moritur rex. |
? |
|
1172 |
Moritur sanctus Thomas
archiepiscopus Cantuariensis. |
? |
|
1174 |
Terre motus in Dacia.
Obiit Christoforus dux Jucie. |
? |
|
1178 |
Eskillus archiepiscopus
recessit de Dacia. Moritur Margareta Roskildis. |
? |
|
1181 |
Bellum Annandalef in
Scania. Rex Waldemarus occurrit imperatori circa Lubecam. |
? |
|
1183 |
Bellum fuit
Grinberchum. |
? |
|
1184 |
Expeditio ad Walagust. |
? |
|
1185 |
Obiit Stephanus
archiepiscopus Upsalensis XV kal. augusti. |
? |
|
1187 |
Jherusalem vastatur a
salodano rege. |
? |
|
|
Occisus Johannes archiepiscopus
Upsalensis apud Almarnum pridie idus augusti, et Sictuna combusta. |
? |
|
1188 |
Dux Waldemarus factus
miles. |
? |
|
1192 |
Captus Waldemarus
episcopus. |
? |
|
1195 |
Obiit Kanutus rex et
Colo episcopus Lincopensis. |
? |
|
1196 |
Svercherus rex
eligitur. |
? |
|
1197 |
Expedicio ad Estoniam. |
? |
|
|
Obiit Petrus
archiepiscopus (XIV) kal. (octobris). |
? |
|
1198 |
Olavus eligitur in
archiepiscopum. |
? |
|
1199 |
Terre motus in Dacia.
Obiit Sophia regina. |
? |
|
1201 |
Obiit Absalon
archiepiscopus. |
? |
|
1202 |
Obiit sanctus Wilielmus
confessor et abbas. |
? |
|
|
(Obiit Birgerus, dux)
Suethie. |
? |
|
1203 |
Obiit Kanutus rex. |
? |
|
1205 |
Interfectio in
Elchiaras; occisi filii Kanuti regis. |
? |
|
1206 |
Solutus episcopus Waldemarus. |
? |
|
1208 |
Ebbo et Laurencius
filii Sunonis corruerunt. |
? |
|
|
Bellum fuit Lenum
pridie kal. februarii. |
? |
|
1209 |
Natus Wilielmus filius
Waldemari secundi. |
? |
|
1210 |
Bellum
Giestilsren XV kal. augusti, ubi occubuerunt Svercherus rex et Fulco dux. |
? |
|
1214 |
Obiit
Petrus episcopus Roskildensis. |
? |
|
1216 |
Confirmatus ordo
predicatorum ab Honorio papa. Natus Ericus, filius Waldemari secundi. |
? [note 1] |
|
1218 |
Obiit Otto imperator.
Waldemarus III consecratus. |
? |
|
|
Obiit Ericus rex, et
natus Ericus tercius. |
? |
|
1219 |
Expedicio ad Estoniam. |
? |
|
|
Obiit Valerius
archiepiscopus VII idus aprilis. |
? |
|
1220 |
Jerusalem restituta christianis. |
? |
|
|
Occisi
Karolus episcopus et Karolus dux VI idus augusti. |
? |
|
1221 |
Obiit sanctus
Dominicus. Obiit Berangaria regina. |
? [note 2] |
|
1222 |
Gregorius cardinalis
in Dacia. |
? [note 3] |
|
|
Obiit
Johannes rex VI idus martii. |
? |
|
1223 |
Captus Waldemarus rex
et filius eius. |
? |
|
1225 |
Obiit episcopus Petrus
Roskildensis filius Jacobi. Soluti duo reges. |
? |
|
1226 |
Nicholaus episcopus
consecratus. |
? |
|
|
Obiit beatus
Franciscus. |
? [note 4] |
|
1227 |
Capti Dani apud
Bornooueth. |
? |
|
1228 |
Obierunt Andreas et
Petrus archiepiscopi. |
? |
|
1230 |
Eclipsis solis facta. Fugatus
Ericus rex Swecie. Uffo consecratus in archiepiscopum. |
? |
|
|
Bellum
Olustrum IV kal. decembris. |
? |
|
1231 |
Obierunt Waldemarus rex
et Alienor regina. |
? |
|
|
Obiit frater Antonius. |
? [note 5] |
|
1232 |
Ericus rex coronatus. Obiit
Johannes marscalcus in Accaron. |
? [note 6] [Diplomatarium
OP Dacie] |
|
1233 |
Beatus Dominicus est
translatus. |
? [note 7] |
|
1234 |
Lundis combusta. |
? |
|
|
Obierunt Kanutus rex et
Olavus archiepiscopus. |
? |
|
1236 |
Obiit frater
Johannes Cabbi. |
|
|
|
Consecratus Jarlerius
archiepiscopus non. octobris. |
? |
|
1237 |
Obiit magister
Jordanis. Interfectio Normannorum Scanør. |
? [note 8] |
|
|
Obiit Benedictus
episcopus Lincopensis pridie nonas januarii. |
? |
|
1238 |
Translacio sancti
Wilielmi. Obiit magister Rano. Factus magister ordinis frater Remundus,
provincialis Dacie Analdus. |
|
|
|
Et translacio beati
Francisci. |
? |
|
1240 |
Obiit Johannes filius
Jacobi. |
? |
|
1241 |
Factus provincialis
Dacie frater Absalon, magister ordinis frater Johannes. Obiit
Waldemarus. |
? [note 9] [Diplomatarium
OP Dacie] |
|
1245 |
Orta discordia inter
episcopum Nicholaum et Ericum regem. |
? |
|
1246 |
Obierunt Jacobus
Sunesun et uxor eius Estrid. |
? [note 10] |
|
1247 |
Combusta ecclesia
Othonie. Capta Ripis ab Abel. |
? |
|
1249 |
Rex Ericus a bondonibus
et rusticis a civitate Lundensi fugatus. Obiit Nicholaus in Claravalle, et
confirmatus a papa episcopus Jacobus. Civitas Havn vastata. |
? |
|
1250 |
Occisus rex Ericus
Sleswich. Abel rex factus. |
? [note 11] |
|
1252 |
Abel interfectus.
Bellum Scanør. Christoforus rex factus. |
? |
|
1253 |
Bellum Svineborg,
Skelfiskør; et domus accepta Warthingæburg, et episcopus Jacobus electus in
archiepiscopum et confirmatus. |
|
|
1254 |
Factus magister
ordinis frater Humbertus. |
? |
|
1255 |
Obiit Jarlerius
archiepiscopus Upsalensis. |
? |
|
1257 |
Consecratus est Laurentius
archiepiscopus. Obiit Karulus. |
? |
|
1261 |
Obiit prior
provincialis Absalon IV feria ante pascha. Frater Augustinus institutis. |
|
|
1262 |
Regina Rikiza nupta in
Slaviam. |
? |
|
1263 |
Magnus legifer mortuus.
Magister ordinis absolutus frater Humbertus. |
? |
Notes to Annales
Dano-Suecani:
[1] This entry is probably
based on Chronica prior: “A domino Honorio papa (…) ordo predicatorum
confirmatus est.” (Gallén 1940, 121, note 4).
[2] This entry could be based
on any Dominican chronicle, perhaps the Chronica posterior: “1221 (…) eodem
anno mortuus est beatus Dominicus VIII idus augusti.” (Gallén 1940, 123, note
4).
[3] Although Cardinal Gregorius
de Crescentia was no Friar Preacher himself, he was of Dominican relevance in
Denmark, where he seems to have supported the introduction of the Order. This
is not least the case in Lund, where we meet him on the scene of Archbishop
Anders Sunesen’s donation of a house to the Order near the cathedral in 1222.
He is also mentioned in the Historia…,
according to which he used the Dominican Fr. Salomon of Århus as an interpreter
during his journeys as papal legate in Denmark.
[4] It may not be coincidental
that the entry on the death of St. Francis was not made during the yearbook’s
initial compilation in the 1230s, but came as an addition during its ‘second
edition’ in Sweden in the period 1255-63 – and, thus, in the very years, when
Master General Humbert of Romans and the Order in general eagerly sought to
improve relations between the two mendicant orders.
[5] Fr. Antonius does not seem
to have been a Dominican friar, but rather St. Anthony of Padua OFM, who died
in 1231 and was canonized the following year. On his late inclusion in the
second edition of this Dominican yearbook can be said the same as for the entry
of St. Francis [note 4].
[6] Marshal Johannes Ebbesen was
obviously not a friar, but according to Annales Petri Olavi he was the
great benefactor behind the Dominican convent foundation in Roskilde [Diplomatarium OP Dacie].
[7] This entry may be based on
Chronica posterior: “Translatum est corpus beati Dominici…”. (Gallén
1940, 124).
[8] This entry may be based on
any Dominican chronicle.
[9] The entry on Master
General Johannes Teutonicus may be based on Chronica prior: “Electus est
in magistrum ordinis frater Johannes Teutonicus, quondam episcopus
Bosniensis…”. (Gallén 1940, 124).
[10] Jakob Sunesen, a nephew of
the abovementioned Johannes Ebbesen, was of the powerful Hvide family and
considered one of the richest men in thirteenth-century Denmark. Neither he nor
his wife is known to have donated anything to the Friars Preachers, but their
daughter, Countess Ingerd von Regenstein, bequeathed quite a sum of money and
silver to the Dominican convent in Roskilde in 1257 [Diplomatarium OP Dacie].
[11] The most striking thing about
this entry is that neither this or any of the other preserved Dominican annals
mention anything about the fact that the murdered King Erik IV Plovpenning was
found in Slesvig fiord by fishermen and brought to the local Dominican priory,
where miracles began to happen around his grave. Eventually, the king’s remains
were moved to the Benedictine abbey in Ringsted, but even then Friars Preachers
from Roskilde were involved with writing his hagiography and the attempt of
getting him canonized. Whereas all this is mentioned in numerous non-Dominican
annals [Diplomatarium OP Dacie], the yearbooks of the Order itself keep
mysteriously silent about it.
Annales
Skeningenses (1208-1288) (a.k.a.
Annales Sigtunenses)
Annales Skeningenses or Annales
Sigtunenses is a Dominican yearbook from the late thirteenth century. It
was written in a Dominican convent in Sweden, most probably in either Skänninge
or Sigtuna, which explains the two variations of its name; in some cases, it is
even called Annales Ängsönenses, referring to Ängsö Castle, where it was
found in 1867. As the yearbook contains several entries regarding the convent
in Sigtuna and the archbishop in nearby Uppsala, it was for long believed to
originate from Sigtuna (Annerstedt in SRS vol. III, 1-2), but a number of
entries with clear reference to the convent in Skänninge and the diocese of
Linköping, although sometimes without explicitly naming the places, convinced
Jarl Gallén and Adolf Schück that the yearbook was more likely to come from the
convent in Skänninge, and Gallén therefore introduced the new title Annales
Skeningenses (Gallén 1940, 112-113; Schück 1952). The yearbook is covering the period 1208-1288 and is believed to have been
completed c. 1290. It seems to be a compilation based on several older,
but unidentifiable sources. Although of a predominantly Swedish content, it
also seems to be based on one or more Danish sources, which only partly
coincides with Annales Dano-Suecani (Gallén 1940, 106). A now lost
continued version with more detailed Dominican information for the years 1255,
1260, 1261, 1281 and 1282, as well as for the subsequent period (1289, 1291,
1336, 1341 and 1401), seems to have been known to the secular-ecclesiastical
compiler of the Annales 266-1430. The Annales Skeningenses are
preserved through a transcript from the early fourteenth century, still kept at
Ängsö Castle on the small island Ängsön in Lake Mälaren, where it was found in
1867, inserted in a liturgical book from the fifteenth century, perhaps made
for the nuns at Vadstena Abbey. It has been published from a transcript by G.E.
Klemming in Danske Samlinger 1. ser. vol. V, 370-375, Copenhagen
1869-70; by Claudius Annerstedt in Scriptores Rerum Suecicarum medii ævi vol.
III:1, 1-7, Uppsala 1871-76; and by G. Paulsson in Annales Suecici medii
aevi, 258-264, Lund 1974.
The passages
concerning the Order of Preachers itself are presented in black, the rest in
grey tone.
For further comments
on the Dacian-Dominican passages, use the links in the right column to the
Diplomatarium OP Dacie online.
|
MCCVIII |
bellum fuit in Lenum. Swerkerus fugatus est
strages Danorum facta est inter quos Ebbo et Laurencius filii Sunonis de
Dacia milites nobiles corruerunt reliqui Sani fugerunt cum magno pudore
bellum fuit V kalendas Februarii. |
|
|
MCCIX |
Philippus rex occiditur et dux Polo homagium
fecit Waldemaro regi Danorum. |
|
|
MCCX |
incepit ordo minorum, et ordo de walle scolarum.
Bellum fuit in Gestyldren ubi occubuit Swerkerus rex et Folko dux et multi
alii nobiles. Eodem anno coronatus est rex Ericus secundus XI kalendas
Decembris et duxit Rykyto sororem regis Dacie in uxorem. |
|
|
MCCXIII |
Ingiborg soror regum Danorum et Waldemarus in
graciam regis Franci est suscepta. |
|
|
MCCXIIII |
secunde nupcie facte sunt Valdemari regis et
constituit filium suum regem Dacie, et imperator Otto pro rege Waldemaro
ultra Albaciam fugam fecit. |
|
|
MCCXVI |
confirmatus est ordo predicatorum a papa
Honorio et data est eis prima ecclesia sancti Romani in Tholosa. |
|
|
MCCXVII |
missi sunt fratres in Yspaniam. |
|
|
MCCXVIII |
data fratribus Parisius domus sancti Jacobi
et fratres missi sunt in Bononiam. |
|
|
MCCXIX |
obiit Valerius archiepiscopus Upsalensis, et W.
rex Dacie profectus est in Estoniam cum exercitu. |
|
|
MCCXX |
occisus est Karolus episcopus Lincopensis, et
Karolus dux in Rotalum. Jerusalem rapitur a Christianis. |
|
|
MCCXXI |
missi sunt fratres in Angliam eodem anno. Anglis
obiit Berengaria regina Danorum, mater Erici, Abel et Cristofori, et
eodem anno obiit beatus Dominicus. |
|
|
MCXXII |
obiit Johannes rex Swecie. |
|
|
MCCXXIII |
capitur rex W. et filius eius dolo. |
|
|
MCCXXIIII |
|
|
|
MCCXXV |
solvitur rex W. |
|
|
MCCXXVI |
obiit beatus Fransiscus. |
|
|
MCCXXVII |
Dani capti sunt apud Brunnulum et rex Waldemarus
fugatus amisit unum oculum. |
|
|
MCCXXVIII |
obierunt Andreas et Petrus archiepiscopi Lundis. |
|
|
MCCXXIX |
bellum fuit in Olostrum. Eclipsis solis. Ericus
fugit in Daciam. Jerusalem recuperatur a Christianis. Offo consecratus est in
archiepiscopum Lundensem. |
|
|
MCCXXXII |
coronatus est rex Ericus Dacie et factus est
frater eius dux Jucis. |
|
|
MCCXXXIII |
obiit beatus Dominicus et translatus est, et eodem
anno obiit Olavus Basatømare. |
|
|
MCCXXXIIII |
combustum est warnem, obiit W. episcopus
Slæsvicensis. |
|
|
MCCXXXV |
|
|
|
MCCXXXVI |
consecratus est dominus Jarlerus in
archiepiscopum Upsalensem et combusta est Østra Aros prima vice. |
|
|
MCCXXXVII |
obiit Benedictus episcopus Lincopensis, magister Jordanus in mari Gerosolimitano
submergitur, interfeccio Nordmannorum in Skanør venit, et conventus Sictuniam
et Skæningiam. |
|
|
MCCXXXVIII |
translatus est beatus Vilelminus, obiit Rano frater primus provincialis
Dacie. Electus magister ordinis Reymundus qui compilavit decretales novas, sub
papa Gregorio ad summam casuum, et translatus est beatus Fransiscus. |
|
|
MCCXXXIX |
venit conventus
Skaris, et in Slæsvik. Ericus
rex Dacie duxit filiam ducis Saxonie. |
|
|
MCCXLI |
factus est frater Johannes Theotonicus
magister ordinis, obit W. rex Dacii. |
|
|
MCCXLII |
passi sunt apud Awiniam pro fide catholica,
fratres predicatores et minores in nocte assensionis. |
|
|
MCCXLIII |
venit conventus Lodhosiam et Kalmarniam. |
|
|
MCCXLIIII |
nupcie facte sunt regis Erici et Laurencius
Ostgotorum legifer rapuit sororem regine Swecie, et venit conventus Arosiam. |
|
|
MCCXLVII |
obiit Suno Folkonis, et
eodem anno communitas rusticorum Uplandie Sparsætrum amisit victoriam
libertatis sue et inposite sunt eis spannale et skypuiste et honera plura. |
|
|
MCCXLVIII |
obiit Thomas, episcopus Finlandensis, decollatus
est Hongerus, obiit, dux Ulpho, conventus venit Ravaliam. |
|
|
MCCXLIX |
venit conventus Finlandiam. |
|
|
MCCL |
obiit rex Ericus tercius Swecie, et electus in
regem W. eodem anno occisus est rex Dacie, in vigilia beati Laurencii. |
|
|
MCCLI |
Valdemarus consecratus est in regem Lincopie
decollati sunt Philippus et Kanutus filii domine K. filie regis Erici
secundi. |
|
|
MCCLII |
beatus Petrus martyrizatus est apud
Mediolanum de ordine fratrum predicatorum, obiit K. regina Svecie,
obiit frater Johannes episcopus et magister ordinis, Abel rex Dacie interfectus est
Christoforus rex factus. |
|
|
MCCLIII |
beatus Petrus canonizatus est, consilium
regum in Gulberg habitum. |
|
|
MCCLIIII |
obiit domina Ingiburgis ducissa Suecie, et natus
est Benedictus secundus episcopus Lincopensis dux Finlandie. |
|
|
MCCLV |
obiit Valerius
episcopus, et sepultus apud fratres Sictunie. Electus frater Laurencius in archiepiscopum,
eodem anno combusta est Sictunia. |
|
|
MCCLVI |
consecratus est Laurencius frater in
archiepiscopum, obiit prior Lambertus. |
|
|
MCCLIX |
obiit Laurencius episcopus Lincopensis. |
|
|
MCCLX |
nupcie regis W. et regine Sophie, et capitulum provinciale Sictunie primo. |
|
|
MCCLXI |
defunctus est domicellus primogenitus Ericus
filius W. et regine Sophie, sepultus apud fratres Sictunie, obiit prior
provincialis frater Absalon, institutus frater Agus. |
|
|
MCCLXII |
regina Rykita nupta est in Slaviam, obiit domina Ragnildis uxor domini Magni legiferi
Osgotorum, et Hugo cardinalis. |
|
|
MCCLXIII |
electus est in magistrum frater Johannes
Lumbardus. |
|
|
MCCLXVI |
obiit Birgerus dux Swecie secundus, combusta est
Østra Aros. |
|
|
MCCLXVII |
obiit frater Laurencius archiepiscopus. |
|
|
MCCLXVIII |
venit conventus Strængenesiam. |
|
|
MCCLXX |
eclipsis solis contigit in dominica letare circa
horam primam, obiit rex Francie Lodvicus. |
|
|
MCCLXXIII |
celebratum consilium generale Lugduno sub papa
Gregorio decimo, ubi ab eodem confirmatus in episcopum Upsalensem filius Jo.
Angeli. |
|
|
MCCLXXV |
venit conventus Helsingiaborgh et Holbæk, et combusta est
Wæxio a Danis, celebratum capitulum Scaris, prelium habitum est in
Howum, obiit domicellus Ericus dux dominus Magnus in regem electus est. |
|
|
MCCLXXVI |
dominus Magnus consecratus in regem Upsalie.
Incensa est ecclesia Wexio per regem W. Dacie. |
|
|
MCCLXXVII |
intravit rex Ericus Dacie Sweciam volens juvare
Waldemarum. Vesgociam intrans venit Absavall, qui facta suorum quadam
distraccione apud Eteghe cum scandalo recessit. Eodem
anno, reconciliati dominus Magnus rex et dominus Waldemarus, quod W. haberet
Vesgociam et Osgociam et dominus Magnus rex haberet superiores partes et ipse
rex diceretur et non W. |
|
|
MCCLXXVIII |
captus est Gerardus comes Hulsacie per dominum
Johannem Philippi et obcessum est castrum Junacopie per eundem dominum
Johannem Philippi. |
|
|
MCCLXXX |
obiit rex Magnus Norwegie. Electus in regem
filius suus Ericus, celebratum est capitulum Asloe in Norwegia. |
|
|
MCCLXXXI |
obiit Jacobus archiepiscopus Upsaliensis. Celebratum capitulum Wysby, obiit
dominus Ulpho Karlsson. Eodem anno obiit dominus Gotthormus legifer Olandie. |
|
|
MCCLXXXIII |
obiit Hinricus episcopus Lincopensis, ultra mare.
Et guerra fuit inter Noricos et Libicenses, et ceteras maritimas civitates,
et electus in regem Swecie Birgerus filius regis Magni, et Ericus frater eius
factus est dux, sed ambo essent parvuli. |
|
|
MCCLXXXV |
consilium regum in Gunbærgshedh habitum ubi
treuge facte sunt inter Norricos et Libicenses et ceteros Theothonicos usque ad
festum Mikaelis, eodem anno dominus Alverus multas naves cepit, et multas
villas Dacie spoliavit, et electus est in episcopum Bono canonicus post
festum Mikaelis bellum fuit inter regem Francie et Arrogonum et multi ibi
corruerunt. |
|
|
MCCLXXXVI |
obiit Bono episcopus Lincopensis, electus dominus
Benedictus frater regis Sweorum in episcopum Lincopensem et consecratus est
Stocholmis et celebravit Lincopie, eodem anno cassato domino Johanne Adulphi,
est electus in archiepiscopum dominus Magnus canonicus Upsalensis et
consecratus Lundis, et Sophia regina obiit. Capitulum Sictunie est habitum, et electus
frater Olavus in provincialem, frater Johannes prior Sictuniensis electus est
in episcopum Aboensem et statutum est apud Stocholmis quod fratribus ignitum
non portetur secundum antiquam conswetudinem Sweorum, item quod
dicitur ormynd secundum leges Osgotorum, heredes repetere possint infra
triennium. Anno eodem dolose interfectus est Ericus rex Dacie, filius
Christophori, nam accidit ipsum regem venacionis causa, apud oppidum quoddam
hospitari, cumque in horreo quodam aperto hostio accubuisset et extincta
candela, septem viri latenter super eum intraverunt et ipsum ibi
interfecerunt eodem anno, natus est Benedictus legifer Osgotorum. Anno eodem
dominus Alf dominum episcopum Asloensem Norwegie interfecit, propter quod
insecutus a Normannis, cum resistere non auderet dereliquid suos et cum
paucis, in Vesgociam fugit, et ibi genibus flexis veniam petens, gracie
domini regis se commisit. Anno eodem mortuus est Ascerus episcopus
Wexionensis, electus et consecratus est dominus Bovo canonicus ibidem. |
|
|
Anno domini MCCLXXXVIII |
frater Geronimus minister fratrum minorum
generalis electus est in papam et consecratus est in mense Februario, et
dictus est Nicholaus quartus. Anno eodem in mense Marcio rapuit dominus Folko
filius domini Algoti legiferi Osogotorum. |
|
Annales 980-1286 is a yearbook
covering the period 980-1286, although particularly 1131-1286. The first half
of the annals, covering the twelfth century, reveals close relations to e.g.
the Cistercian Annales Ryenses, whereas the second half contains a
number of entries of Dominican interest; Dacian-Dominican entries are only
found in the period 1260-86. Thus, the yearbook is traditionally thought
to have been written or compiled in a Dominican convent in Denmark in the
middle of the 1280s; according to Ellen Jørgensen “..by a man interested in
peculiar astronomical phenomena…”, whom by Erik Kroman was suggested allocated
to the convent of Ribe, due to a reference of 1284 on the collapse of the
cathedral tower in Ribe (Jørgensen 1920, 32-33; Kroman 1980, 16). This
interpretation has, however, been challenged by Jarl Gallén, who pointed out
that the dates in Annales 980-1286 are so systematically erroneous, that
the preserved yearbook is most likely a much later compilation, probably of the
sixteenth century, based among others one a Dominican source, but hardly
compiled by a Friar Preacher itself, since some of its mistaken dates on basic
Dominican history are simply too obvious for any Dominican compiler (Gallén
1940, 37-38 and 40). Apart from the dating, the Dominican entries too a large
part coincide with Annales Dano-Suecani and Annales Skeningenses,
but Annales 980-1286 also know that Fr. Augustin became prior provincial
in 1285 and that King Magnus was present at the provincial chapter in 1286;
this information may origin from an alternative, now lost version of one of the
other two annals. A manuscript kept at the Copenhagen University Library was
lost in a fire in 1728. Another – now also lost - manuscript or transcript from
the sixteenth century, allegedly made by Cornelius Hamsfort, was published by
Jacob Langebek in Scriptores Rerum Danicarum vol. II, 433, Copenhagen
1773. Based on Langebeks transcript, the yearbook has been republished by Claudius
Annerstedt in Scriptores Rerum Svecicarum
vol. III:1, 104, Stockholm 1876; Ellen Jørgensen in Annales Danici,
192-194, Copenhagen 1920; and by Erik Kroman in Danmarks middelalderlige
annaler no. 16, 268-273, Copenhagen 1980.
The annals are here
only reproduced from the year 1215 onwards.
The passages
concerning the Order of Preachers itself are presented in black, the rest in
grey tone.
For further comments on the Dacian-Dominican
passages, use the links in the right column to the Diplomatarium OP Dacie
online.
|
(…) |
|
|
|
1215 |
Natus est Ericus filius Waldemari, filii
Valdemari primi. Petrus filius Jacobi factus est episcopus Roschildensis. |
[Note 1] |
|
1217 |
Ordo prædicatorum
est confirmatus. Obiit comes Nicolaus. |
[Note 2] |
|
1218 |
Obiit imperator Otto. Waldemarus
juit in Estoniam cum exercitu. |
[Note 3] |
|
1219 |
Missi sunt fratres
predicatorum Bononiam a beato Dominico. |
[Note 4] |
|
1220 |
Obiit Beringera, regina
Daciæ. |
[Note 5] |
|
1221 |
Cardinalis fuit in
Dacia. Transitus beati Dominici. |
[Note 6] |
|
1222 |
Captus est Waldemarus
cum filio suo a comite Henrico in Lyth. |
[Note 7] |
|
1223 |
Magister Jordanus
electus est. |
[Note 8] |
|
1224 |
Obiit episcopus Petrus
filius Jacobi. |
[Note 9] |
|
1225 |
Redierunt ambo reges. |
|
|
1226 |
Dani corruerunt apud
Bornehoffid in die Mariæ Magdalenæ. |
[Note 10] |
|
1227 |
Obiit Andreas
archiepiscopus et Petrus archiepiscopus. |
[Note 11] |
|
1228 |
Jerusalem capitur a
Christianis. |
|
|
1229 |
Otto cardinalis fuit in
Dania. Ecclipsis solis. |
[Note 12] |
|
1230 |
Obiit Waldemarus junior
et uxor Eleonora. |
[Note 13] |
|
1231 |
Ericus rex coronatur.
Offo archiepiscopus consecratur, et rex Sueciæ etiam. |
[Note 14] |
|
1232 |
Ecclesiæ Lundensis et
Roschildensis incendio vastantur. |
|
|
1233 |
Translatio beati
Dominici. |
|
|
1235 |
Obiit Waldemarus
episcopus in Luca. |
[Note 15] |
|
1236 |
Dux Abel ducit filiam
Adolphi. Obiit magister Jordanus. |
[Note 16] |
|
1237 |
Translatio sancti
Wilhelmi. Norici corruerunt in Schanør. |
[Note 17] |
|
1238 |
Jerusalem capitur a
paganis. |
[Note 18] |
|
1239 |
Schulo, dux Norvegiæ,
occiditur cum filio. |
[Note 19] |
|
1240 |
Obiit secundus
Waldemarus rex Daciæ, pater Waldemari, Erici, Abelis, Christophori et Kanuti
5. kal. Aprilis. Eodem anno combustum est claustrum totum Ringstadiæ et
villa. Ecclipsis lunæ facta est et solis circa meridiem, et apparuit stella
juxta solem. Vacabat sedes Waldemari. |
[Note 20] |
|
1242 |
Combustum est claustrum
beatæ virginis Roschildiæ. Regnum divisum inter filios Waldemari. |
[Note 21] |
|
1243 |
Rex Ericus duxit
exercitum contra fratrem Abelem. |
|
|
1244 |
Nuncius domini papæ
mittitur in Daciam. Expeditio facta est in Revaliam. |
|
|
1245 |
Obiit Jacobus Sunonis.
Fugit Nicolaus episcopus. Concilium generale. |
[Note 22] |
|
1246 |
Sore combusta. Folkenne
corruerunt. |
[Note 23] |
|
1247 |
Capta est Ripis ab
Abele. |
|
|
1248 |
Obiit episcopus
Nicolaus exul in Claravalle. |
[Note 24] |
|
1249 |
Venceslaus. |
[Note 25] |
|
1250 |
Ericus, rex Danorum,
occiditur. Abel coronatur. Obiit Olaus pincerna. |
|
|
1251 |
Obiit Fridericus
imperator. Comes Nicolaus. Episcopus Gunnerus Vibergensis. |
[Note 26] |
|
1252 |
Rex Abel occiditur. Christophorus
coronatur. Obiit Uffo archiepiscopus. |
|
|
1253 |
Svineburg et
Schelschiør capitur. Obiit beatus Petrus martir. |
[Note 27] |
|
1254 |
Jacobus factus
episcopus Lundensis et Petrus Roskildensis. |
[Note 28] |
|
1255 |
Norici incenderunt Hallandiam.
Lex clavarum. |
[Note 29] |
|
1256 |
Rex Dacie et Suecie
pacificati sunt in Haffn. |
|
|
1257 |
Rex Ericus translatus
est Ringstad. |
[Note 30] |
|
1258 |
Bellum
fuit Kutzetorp inter Christophorum et rusticos. |
|
|
1259 |
Bellum fuit Nestvid. Obiit
Christophorus. |
|
|
1260 |
Obiit Absalon
provincialis. Interiit Jarimarus. |
[Note 31] [Diplomatarium
OP Dacie] |
|
1261 |
Bellum fuit Lohet,
capti rex et regina et multi. |
|
|
1262 |
Regina rediit. Eclipsis
solis. |
|
|
1263 |
Petrus
Findzen et Ivarus suspensi sunt. |
|
|
1264 |
Rex liberatur.
Arveschau subvertitur. |
|
|
1265 |
Guido cardinalis fuit
in Dacia. Obiit Birgerus, dux Suecie. |
[Note 32] |
|
1269 |
Alium substituentes.
Benedictus fuit in Dacia nuncius domini pape pro decima colligenda. Conventus
venit Helsingborch et Holbek. |
[Note 33] [Diplomatarium
OP Dacie] |
|
1272 |
Obiit Jacobus archiepiscopus. |
[Note 34] |
|
1274 |
Concilium Lugdunis. Obiit
frater Thomas. |
[Note 35] |
|
1275 |
Dani percusserunt
Suecos; regem destituentes. |
[Note 36] |
|
1276 |
Frater P[etrus]
ordinis predicatorum electus est in papam et mortuus est. |
[Note 37] |
|
1281 |
Obiit episcopus
Stigotus, espicopus Roskild[ensis], et electus est Ingvarus. |
[Note 38] |
|
1282 |
Ecclesia sancti Lucii
combusta est die sancti Ruffi. Signum mirabile visum est quasi draco in
multis terris. |
[Note 39] |
|
1284 |
Corruit turris ecclesiæ
beatæ virginis Ripis. Et impeditus rex Daciæ ab introitu Jutiæ. |
[Note 40] |
|
1285 |
Dominus papa Martinus
obiit, et dominus Onorius creatus. Et
magister ordinis electus frater Mu[n]io Hyspanus et [Arlottus Pratensis] minister
generalis ordinis minorum fratrum. Et eodem anno Normanni intraverunt et
multas villas forenses destruxerunt. Obiit frater Acho
prior provincialis Dacie. Captus Waldemarus dux a rege Erico Helsingburgiæ. Tunder
destructa est. |
[Note 41] [Diplomatarium
OP Dacie] |
|
1286 |
Capitulum fuit
Syctuniæ, et frater Johannes tunc prior domus illius factus est episcopus Findlandensis
ibidem presente domino rege Magno, et prior Roskildensis frater Olaus factus
est prior provincialis ibidem. In vigilia omnium sanctorum visum est signum mirabile
quasi tres soles, et qui erat ultimus ascendit in medium coeli et factus
quasi iris. Parum post rex Daciæ Ericus occisus est a suis turpissime in
lecto suo de nocte juxta Vibergium in nocte beatæ Ceciliæ virginis. |
[Note 42] [Diplomatarium
OP Dacie] |
Notes to Annales 980-1286:
[1] Erroneously dated. King Erik IV
Plovpenning of Denmark, son of King Valdemar II, was born in 1216. It is
uncertain exactly what year Peder Jakobsen became bishop of Roskilde; according
to Annales Dano-Suecani, it happened in 1214.
[2] Erroneously dated. The Order of Preachers
was confirmed by Pope Honorius III in 1216. It was due to obviously mistaken
dates like this that Jarl Gallén found it hard to believe that the yearbook in
its preserved form could be Dominican, rather a secular compilation based
(although inaccurately) on - among others – Dominican sources (Gallén 1940,
37-38). Count Niels I of Halland was married in 1217, died in 1218-19.
[3] Partly erroneously dated. Whereas Emperor
Otto IV did in fact die in 1218, the campaign of King Valdemar II of Denmark to
Estonia did not take place until 1219 (as stated in Annales Dano-Suecani
and Annales Skeningenses).
[4] Erroneously dated. St. Dominic sent
friars to Bologna in 1218 (as stated in Annales Skeningenses).
[5] Erroneously dated. Queen Berengaria of
Denmark, wife of King Valdemar II, died in 1221 (as stated in Annales
Dano-Suecani and Annales Skeningenses).
[6] Erroneously dated. Cardinal Gregorius de
Crescentia did not come to Denmark until 1222 (as stated in Annales
Dano-Suecani).
[7] Erroneously dated. King Valdemar II of
Denmark and his son, Prince Valdemar the Young, were captured by Count Heinrich
de Schwerin in 1223 (as stated in Annales Dano-Suecani and Annales
Skeningenses).
[8] Erroneously dated. Fr. Jordan of Saxony
was elected master general of the Order of Preachers in 1222. This is not
mentioned in any of the extant Dominican annals of Dacia. The entry may be
based on Chronica posterior: “1222. (…) electus est frater Jordanis in
magistrum.”
[9] Erroneously dated. Bishop Peder Jakobsen
of Roskilde died in 1225 (as stated in Annales Dano-Suecani).
[10] Erroneously dated. The battle of
Bornhøved near Segeberg in Holstein, where King Valdemar II of Denmark lost to
a north-German coalition, took place on 22 July 1227 (as stated in Annales
Dano-Suecani and Annales Skeningenses, although without stating the
exact day, which Annales 980-1286 has correct).
[11] Erroneously dated. Archbishops Anders
Sunesen and Peder Saxesen of Lund both died in 1228 (as stated in Annales
Dano-Suecani and Annales Skeningenses). Anders Sunesen had resigned
office in 1223 due to leprosy. His was followed as archbishop by Peder Saxesen.
[12] Erroneously dated. The solar eclipse is
also dated to 1229 in Annales Skeningenses, but 1230 in Annales
Dano-Suecani.
[13] Erroneously dated. Prince Valdemar the
Young and his wife Eleonora both died in 1231 (as stated in Annales
Dano-Suecani).
[14] Erroneously dated. Erik IV Plovpenning
was crowned co-king of Denmark under his father Valdemar II in 1232 (as stated
in Annales Dano-Suecani and Annales Skeningenses). Uffe
Thrugotsen was elected archbishop of Lund in 1229 (as stated in Annales
Skeningenses).
[15] Erroneously dated. Valdemar, bishop of
Slesvig 1184-1191 and archbishop of Bremen 1207-17, died in 1236 in the Cistercian
Loccum Abbey in Germany.
[16] Erroneously dated. Duke Abel of Slesvig
was married to Mecthilde, daughter of count Adolf IV of Holstein, in 1237; the
same year as Fr. Jordan of Saxony died (as stated in Annales Dano-Suecani
and Annales Skeningenses).
[17] Partly erroneously dated. Whereas a
Norwegian army did attack Skanør in eastern Denmark in 1237, the translation of
the relics of St. Vilhelm (an Augustinian abbot of Æbelholt Abbey in Denmark)
took place in 1238 (as both stated in Annales Dano-Suecani and Annales
Skeningenses).
[18] Erroneously dated. The ten-year truce
between Emperor Friedrich II and the Muslims, which gave Christians access to
Jerusalem, ended in 1239.
[19] Erroneously dated. The Norwegian Earl Skule
Bårdsson was killed in 1240.
[20] Partly erroneously dated. King Valdemar
II Sejr died in 1241 (as stated in Annales Dano-Suecani and Annales
Skeningenses). The monastery in Ringsted was Benedictine.
[21] Roskilde Our Lady Monastery was a
Cistercian nunnery.
[22] Partly erroneously dated. Jakob Sunesen
died in 1246 (as stated in Annales Dano-Suecani). It is unclear what is
meant with the entry on “Concilium generale”; in 1245, the general chapter of
the Order of Preachers was held in Cologne (and in Paris 1246).
[23] Partly erroneously dated. “Folkenne”
refers to Folkungar, a political party in opposition to the Swedish
king, who was defeated by a royal army at Sparrsätra in 1247 (as stated in Annales
Skeningenses).
[24] Erroneously dated. Bishop Niels Stigsen
of Roskilde died in 1249 in Clairvaux (as stated in Annales Dano-Suecani).
He had been living in exile since 1245 due to a conflict with King Erik IV
Plovpenning of Denmark.
[25] It is unclear what is meant with this
entry. It may refer to King Venceslaus/Vaclav I of Bohemia, who died in 1253.
[26] Partly erroneously dated. Whereas Count
Niels II of Halland and Bishop Gunner of Viborg did indeed die in 1251, Emperor
Friedrich II of the Holy Roman Empire died in 1250.
[27] Partly erroneously dated. Whereas
battles at Svendborg and Skælskør in 1253 between King Christoffer I of Denmark
and the supporters of the late King Abel are confirmed by Annales
Dano-Suecani, St. Peter Martyr OP was killed in 1252 and canonized in 1253
(as stated in Annales Skeningenses).
[28] Here, the yearbook is correct, as Jakob
Erlandsen was elected archbishop of Lund in 1254, whereas Annales
Dano-Suecani erroneously has 1253. Jakob was elected bishop of Roskilde in
1249, where he was replaced in 1254 by Peder Skjalmsen bang.
[29] Partly erroneously dated. King Håkon VI
Magnusson attacked Halland in 1256.
[30] Erroneously dated. The mortal remains of
King Erik IV Plovpenning (†1250) were moved to the Benedictine abbey church in
Ringsted in 1258, where his brother, King Christopher I, wanted to endorse a
saintly cult around him. Originally, King Erik was buried in the church of the
Friars Preachers in Slesvig, from where he was moved to Slesvig cathedral,
before going to Ringsted in 1258.
[31] Partly erroneously dated. Whereas Prince
Jaromar did die in 1260, Fr. Absalon, Dominican prior provincial of Dacia, died
in 1261 (as stated in Annales Dano-Suecani and Annales Skeningenses). [Diplomatarium
OP Dacie]
[32] Partly erroneously dated. Whereas
Cardinal legate Guido did go to Denmark in 1265, the Swedish Earl Birger died
in 1266 (as stated in Annales Skeningenses).
[33] Probably erroneously dated. According to
Annales Skeningenses, the convent foundations in Helsingborg and Holbæk
took place in 1275, which for Holbæk is confirmed even more detailed in Annales
Petri Olavi. That the chronicler – or transcriber – of Annales 980-1286
has mistaken 1275 for 1269 is supported by the preceding entry on the papal tithe
collector. No nuncius of the name Benedict is known in Scandinavia in these
years, so most likely Benedictus is yet another mistake for Bertrandus
Amalrici, who was in Denmark and Sweden in the years 1274-82 to collect a
crusade tithe, which had been decided at the Second Council of Lyon in 1274
(Gallén 1940, 39 note 1). [Diplomatarium
OP Dacie]
[34] Erroneously dated. Archbishop Jakob Erlandsen
of Lund died in 1274.
[35] Fr. Thomas Aquinas OP (†1274). The general
chapter of the Order of Preachers was indeed held in Lyon 1274.
[36] Probably erroneously dated. The entry probably
refers to a military campaign in 1277 by King Erik V Klipping of Denmark into
Sweden in order to engage in a Swedish power struggle.
[37] Fr. Peter of Tarentaise OP was elected pope on
21 January 1276, took papal name as Innocent V, and died on 22 June 1276.
[38] Erroneously dated. Bishop Stig of Roskilde
died in 1280, where he was replaced by Ingvar Hjort.
[39] The Church of St. Lucius is the cathedral in
Roskilde, which was ravaged by a fire in 1282.
[40] The Church of Our Lady is the cathedral in
Ribe.
[41] Apparently, all entries are here correctly
dated! Fr. Munio de Zamora OP was elected master general of the Order in 1285,
and a new prior provincial was elected in 1286. [Diplomatarium OP Dacie]
[42] All controllable entries for this year are
dated correctly. The Dominican information is verified by Annales
Skeningenses, although Annales 980-1286 to this can add that King
Magnus Ladulås of Sweden was present at the provincial chapter in Sigtuna and
that Fr. Oluf, the new prior provincial, had until then been prior of the
convent in Roskilde. [Diplomatarium
OP Dacie]
Annales 266-1430 or
Chronologia ab anno 266 ad 1430 (in
older literature also known as ‘the younger Annales
Sigtunenses’) is a yearbook covering the period 266-1430, particularly
1130-1412; one page of the yearbook, containing entries for the period
1200-1252, is missing in the preserved manuscript. Whereas the last entry for
the year 1430 seems to be a later addition, the rest of the yearbook appears to
have been written by one single compiler, by Göte Paulsson suggested identified
as Nils Birgersson (†1436), dean at the cathedral chapter in Strängnäs around
1390-1420 (Paulsson 1974, 63-82). Although apparently not Dominican itself, the
yearbook contains 16 entries on Dominican issues, mainly concerned with the
convents in Sigtuna, Skänninge and Strängnäs. The ones from before 1288 closely
coincide with entries in Annales
Skeningenses, but in several cases they have more detailed information
about the individual events (for the years 1255, 1260, 1261, 1281 and 1282).
For the period after 1288, the yearbook has five Dominican entries not recorded
elsewhere (for the years 1289, 1336, 1341, 1352 and 1401). Altogether this suggests
that the compiler had access to a now lost continuation of the Annales Skeningenses, perhaps kept at
the Dominican priory in Strängnäs. The Annales
266-1430 is preserved in original in a compilation (B 17) from the
fifteenth century, mainly of juridical content, kept at the National Library of
Sweden. It has been published by E.M. Fant in Scriptores Rerum Suecicarum medii ævi vol. I:1 no. 12, 22-32,
Uppsala 1818; and by Göte Paulsson in Annales
Suecici medii aevi, 275-292, Lund 1974.
Only the entries including
information on the Order of Preachers are reproduced here.
The passages
concerning the Order of Preachers are presented in black, the rest in grey
tone.
For further comments on and Danish translations of
the Dacian-Dominican passages, use the links in the right column to the
Diplomatarium OP Dacie online.
|
(MCCLII) |
[The page containing the first part of the first extant Dominican
entry is missing.] … martirizatus est
apud Mediolanum de ordine fratrum predicatorum. Obiit domina Katerina regina Sweorum. Eodem anno
Abel rex Dacie interfectus est. Christoforus rex factus est. Bellum in Skanør
et bellum apud Hærwæzaa. |
|
|
MCCLIII |
Beatus Petrus coronatus [canonizatus?] est et
translatus. Anno eodem bellum in Gulbærghhedh habitum fuit. |
|
|
MCCLV |
Obiit dominus Jarlerus archiepiscopus Upsalensis ∙viii∙
kalendas semptembris. Sepultus est in ecclesia beate Virginis Sikthonie apud
fratres predicatores juxta altare ad partem aquilonarem. Electus
frater Laurencius in archiepiscopum. Sikthonia combusta. |
|
|
MCCLX |
Nupcie Waldemari regis
et Sophie. Capitulum celebratum Sictonie. Obiit frater Eskillus et Godhwinus
lector Sikthonensis. |
|
|
MCCLXI |
Defunctus est domicellus Ericus primogenitus
Waldemari regis et sepultus in presbiterio fratrum predicatorum Sikthonie
ante altare. Obiit frater Absolon prior provincialis et institutus frater
Augustinus. |
|
|
MCCLXVIII |
Conventus in Strængianæs. |
|
|
MCCLXXIIII |
Celebratum est concilium [capitulum?] generale
Lugduno Gallie sub papa Gregorio decimo. Ab eodem confirmatus est in archiepiscopum
Upsalensem dominus Folko filius Johannis Angeli. |
|
|
MCCLXXXI |
Obiit Jacobus archiepiscopus Upsalensis. Eodem anno obiit Ulpho Karlsson et sepultus est
Skæningie. Obiit
Folko dapifer. |
|
|
MCCLXXXII |
Obiit venerabilis pater dominus Henricus episcopus Lyncopensis. Eodem
anno electus dominus Bovo, confirmatus et consecratus. Obiit Ingridis Skæningie. |
[Diplomatarium OP
Dacie] |
|
MCCLXXXVI |
Electus Benedictus secundus in episcopum Lyncopensem frater regis
Swecie. Capitulum
provinciale celebratum Sikthonie. Electus in episcopum Aboensem frater
Johannes prior Sikthonie. Eodem anno obiit regina Sophia. Interfectus Ericus. |
|
|
MCCLXXXIX |
Obiit domina Sighridis
uxor domini Benedicti legifer Osgotorum, sepulta apud fratres Skæningenses. Eodem anno obiit dominus Magnus archiepiscopus
Upsalensis. Eodem anno miles factus rex Birgerus filius regis Magni et dux de
Brunswik apud Stokholm. |
|
|
MCCXCI |
Obierunt frater
Johannes electus Upsalensis et Benedictus Lyncopensis frater domini Magni regis et
dominus Anundus Strængiænensis et Boetius Wexionensis episcopi. |
|
|
MCCCXXXVI |
Coronatus est rex Magnus filius Erici ducis Stokholm cum regina
Blanka, quam duxit de Flandria, et capitulum predicatorum fuit Siktunie in assumpcione beate
Virginis. |
|
|
MCCCXLI |
Obiit frater Petrus Philippi ordinis predicatorum
archiepiscopus Upsalensis, cui successit dominus Hemingus prepositus Arosiensis. |
|
|
(MCCCLII) |
Fuit magnus ventus in civitate Strengyanæs ita quod
turris ceciderit de ecclesia cathedrali et turris predicatorum ibidem ac alia
mirabilia. |
|
|
MCDI |
Rex Ericus quintus pertransiit regnum Swecie promittens se justum
judicem futurum et pacem et leges patrie observaturum. Eodem anno obiit
venerabilis pater dominus Thordo episcopus Strengnensis circa festum Mathie et uxor domini Ivari Niclisson nomine
Margareta et sepulta ad moniales Skæningie. |
|
Annales Petri Olavi OFM is a constructed name for the
annalistic part of a chronicle included in Fr. Petrus Olavi OFM’s Collectanea, supposedly written around
1533-34. Fr. Petrus Olavi († c. 1570)
was a Friar Minor originating from Sonnerup on Sjælland, Denmark, and
affiliated to the Franciscan convent in Roskilde until the Reformation. The Collectanea is a compilation of various
ecclesiastical chronicles, lists and notes, especially concerning the Order of
Friars Minor and the cathedral chapter of Roskilde. Among these is a nameless
chronicle (by its first publisher Langebek termed Petri Olai Minoritæ Roskildensis Annales Rerum Danicarum) on the
history of Denmark (fols. 15-39 and 68-81), which in its original form stops in
the mid-fourteenth century, but with its numerous additions in the margins –
apparently made by the author himself – the chronicle goes all the way up to
the time of the Reformation. Especially these marginal notes, along with
entries in the main text starting from the twelfth century, have alltogether
the form of a traditional yearbook. The sources for most of the entries can be
identified as older, wellknown annals and chronicles, but in addition to that,
several entries have information no longer preserved elsewhere, for which
Petrus Olavi must have had access to now lost written sources. Among these
seems to have been a Dominican yearbook or record concerning the Order’s
convents on Sjælland and, to a less extent, in Skåne and Jylland. One may
speculate that this source could have originated from the Dominican convent in
Roskilde, alternatively in Lund, and that Fr. Petrus Olavi had been given
access to it in order to write a joint Franciscan-Dominican defence for the two
mendicant orders’ historical position in Denmark, possibly to be presented at a
planned church synod in 1534 (which was, however, never held) during the most
turbulent years of the Lutheran Reformation (Rasmussen 1976, 35 and 73;
Jakobsen 2008, 19). The Collectanea
is preserved in original and kept at the Arnamagnæan Collection, University of
Copenhagen (AM Ms. 107, 8vo). The full chronicle in question is
published by J. Langebek in Scriptores
Rerum Danicarum vol. I, Copenhagen 1772, pp. 171-197; while the annalistic
part for the period 1104-1495 is published chronologically by E. Jørgensen in Annales Danici medii ævi, Copenhagen
1920, pp. 206-211 (with introduction 203-205).
Only the entries
including information on the Order of Preachers are reproduced here.
The passages
concerning the Order of Preachers are presented in black, the rest in grey
tone.
For further comments on and Danish translations of the
Dacian-Dominican passages, use the links in the right column to the
Diplomatarium OP Dacie online.
|
(…) |
|
|
|
Hic Andreas sanctus erat et fecit miracula. Hic etiam dedit fratribus predicatoribus Lundis
curiam suam cum capella circa annos Domini 1221. Et fundator est conventus
Lundensis, qui primus omnium est illius ordinis in regnis aquilonis. Eodem
anno obiit beatus Dominicus. |
||
|
|
Et missus est
conventus fratrum predicatorum de domo Lundensi ad domum Ripensem scilicet
anno Domini 1228. |
|
|
1231 |
Predicatores venerunt
Roskildis. |
|
|
1234 |
Missus est conventus
fratrum predicatorum Roskildis. Et Lundensis ecclesia combusta est. Et Kanutus tirannus
in Suetia obiit. Ecclesie Lucii
Roskildis et Laurentii Lundis incendio perierunt, et Kanutus tirannus obiit. |
|
|
1253 |
Fratres predicatores
domum in Wartingborg ceperunt edificare. Soror Agnes se reddidit religioni,
qui fuit filia Erici regis. |
|
|
1254 |
Ericus filius
Christofori electus est in regem. Dedicatio ecclesia sancte Katerine fratrum
predicatorum Roskildis. |
|
|
1275 |
Missus fuit
conventus in Holbek crastino Prothi et Jacincti. Sequenti anno 18 die aprilis
consecratum est cimiterium fratrum ibidem per episcopum Petrum Roskildensem. Fundatur conventus
Holbeccensis. |
|
|
1287 |
Incensum est
claustrum fratrum predicatorum Lundis et magna pars ville. Crastino Agapti
combusta fuit domus fratrum predicatorum et tota civitas Holbeccensis. |
|
|
1309 |
Predicatores
habuerunt locum Helsingburgis. |
|
|
|
Ecclesia fratrum
predicatorum in Holbeck edificata est per istum Christoferum regem. Et consecrata est per episcopum Nicolaum Burglanensem
in festo assumptionis beate virginis 1323. |
|
|
|
Ingeburgis, ducissa
Suecie, Hallandie, Holbec, Samsiø 1330 et 1336 dedit fratribus predicatoribus
Roskildis in testamento pro reparatione ecclesie et emendatione mense 100
marcas puri argenti, et pro reparatione claustri 60 marchas puri argenti anno
Domini 1350 |
|
|
1425 |
Habuerunt
predicatores locum Helsingore. |
Literature referred to in
the presentation
Carlsson,
Gottfrid (1961): ‘Historieskrivning’, in: Kulturhistorisk Leksikon for
Nordisk Middelalder vol. 6, 587-591.
Gallén,
Jarl (1940): ‘Dominikanerna och den medeltida annalistiken i Danmark och
Sverige’, in: Historisk tidskrift för
Finland vol. 25 (1940), 27-43 and 103-126.
Jakobsen,
Johnny Grandjean Gøgsig (2008): Prædikebrødrenes
samfundsrolle i middelalderens Danmark, PhD-dissertation, University of
Southern Denmark.
Jørgensen,
Ellen (1920): Annales Danici medii ævi,
Copenhagen.
Kroman,
Erik (1980): Danmarks middelalderlige
annaler, Copenhagen.
Paulsson,
Göte (1974): Annales Suecici medii aevi -
Svensk medeltidsannalistik, Lund.
Rasmussen,
Jørgen Nybo (1976): Broder Peder Olsen som de danske franciskaneres
historieskriver, Copenhagen.
Schück,
Adolf (1952): ‘Studier i »Skänninge-annalerna«’, in: (Swedish) Historisk tidskrift vol. 72 (1952),
36-48.
Centre for Dominican Studies of Dacia
Johnny G.G. Jakobsen, Department of Nordic Research,
University of Copenhagen
Postal address: Njalsgade 136, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark ● Email: jggj@hum.ku.dk